Galicia Clínica
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description: Galicia Clínica is the journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine. Its mission is to inform the scientific community, especially in the area of healthcare, of the research work conducted by medical specialists, promoting research activities, healthcare training, mutual knowledge and collaboration amongst professionals.
publisher: SOGAMI
language: en
publication name: Galicia Clínica
issn: 0304-4866
copyright: Galicia Clínica by Sociedad Gallega de Medicina Interna is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional License. Created from galiciaclinica.info.
items: Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy: A Professional Obligation
items: Bacteremia in centenarians: A diagnostic challenge and cause for reflection
items: Visceral obesity and cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome: The train that Internal Medicine must not miss.
items: Inteligencia Artificial en Salud. ¿Otra moda informática?
items: Adherence to therapeutic recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics in an Emergency Department after a low-intensity intervention
items: New pharmaceuticals for obesity treatment: when regaining control gives reason for hope
items: Antibiotic lock therapy: a therapeutic option worth considering. Bibliographic revision.
items: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEp) in HIV infection - A new milestone in a long-distance race
items: Multidisciplinary consensus on the management of dyslipidemia in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease in Galicia
items: Concordance Between Two Stratification Tools for Patients with HIV Infection
items: Bacteremia in centenarian patients: clinical, microbiological and prognostic profile in a cohort from northwestern Spain (2005–2024).
items: Communications Poster
items: Oral Communications
items: Insulinoma: An Undervalued Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia in Elderly Patients
items: Hepatocellular carcinoma after Fontan procedure: case report
items: NAVIGATING IPILIMUMAB-INDUCED HYPOPHYSITIS IN ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE
items: SARCOIDOSIS-LIKE SYNDROME IN A 44-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH ADVANCED STAGE MELANOMA TREATED WITH ADJUVANT BRAF PLUS MEK INHIBITORS. A CASE REPORT.
items: Pérdida involuntaria de peso: que me vea un internista
items: Working together
items: Antisynthetase syndrome: when clinical variety challenges diagnosis
items: Prescription of physical exercise for internists
items: CORRELATION OF MEASUREMENTS OF PREPERITONEAL TISSUE AND VISCERAL TISSUE WITH GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN AND CHOLESTEROL VALUES
items: Rotura de pseudoaneurisma de arteria esplénica como complicación de una pancreatitis crónica
items: Unusual presentation of Pott’s disease: a case report
items: Hypophosphatemia after intravenous iron administration
items: Brain Abscess Due to Systemic Embolization
items: Lemièrre Syndrome and Leptospirosis – Two Simultaneous Entities
items: Bacteraemia and Hepatic Abscess Caused by Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans
items: Bullous Leukemia cutis: a rare form of skin infiltration by leukemic cells.
items: Disseminated nocardiosis - A case report

Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy: A Professional Obligation
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description: The introduction of antibiotics represented a decisive milestone in medicine, transforming the prognosis of infectious diseases and enabling the safe development of surgical procedures, transplantation and a range of different treatments. However, their widespread use has contributed to the rise of antimicrobial resistance, now regarded as one of the leading threats to public health. In this context, antibiotic prescribing cannot be understood as a routine act, but rather as a complex clinical decision that must integrate the site of infection, local epidemiology, resistance patterns and the individual characteristics of each patient. Therapeutic appropriateness is therefore essential and requires the selection of the most suitable antimicrobial at each stage, its administration via the appropriate route and for the necessary duration, as well as early reassessment of treatment in order to de-escalate whenever possible. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes can support this process and are essential for promoting effective, safe and responsible prescribing.
subject: Editorials
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creator: Iván Fernández Castro
creator: Alejandra Fernández García
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03
doi: 10.22546/87/1/1500

Bacteremia in centenarians: A diagnostic challenge and cause for reflection
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description: En las últimas décadas estamos asistiendo a un envejecimiento global y progresivo de la población, fruto de una mayor expectativa de vida por la mejora en las condiciones higiénicas, el control alimentario, los programas de prevención de enfermedades y el fácil acceso a los servicios sanitarios de la población.
subject: Editorials
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creator: Javier de la Fuente Aguado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
doi: 10.22546/86/3/1469

Visceral obesity and cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome: The train that Internal Medicine must not miss.
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description: Contemporary medicine is undergoing a profound transformation with the emergence of the cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome. In this new framework, visceral obesity is no longer an abstract concept but becomes the pathogenic core of a silent pandemic. Internal Medicine, by virtue of its holistic vocation, is called to stand at the forefront of this integrative approach, offering responses to one of the greatest challenges to global health in the 21st century.
subject: Editorials
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creator: David Vieito Porto
creator: Carmen Casariego Castiñeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
doi: 10.22546/86/3/1464

Inteligencia Artificial en Salud. ¿Otra moda informática?
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subject: Editorials
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creator: Javier Quiles del Rio
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 4
ending page: 7
doi: 10.22546/86/2/1453

Adherence to therapeutic recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics in an Emergency Department after a low-intensity intervention
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description: Introduction: The discovery of antimicrobials significantly reduced mortality from severe infections. However, antibiotic resistance has become a major issue, necessitating new strategies for antibiotic use. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in a tertiary hospital's Emergency Department (ED), focusing on adherence to antibiotic guidelines before and after its implementation. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023, including patients admitted to the ED with respiratory infections (RI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), or intra-abdominal infections (IAI). Antibiotic adherence was compared between pre-ASP (May-September 2022) and post-ASP (October 2022-February 2023) periods. The intervention involved training sessions and providing accessible documentation for ED staff. Results: A total of 494 patients were included, with 50% in each period. Adherence to ASP guidelines improved significantly from 45.45% to 56.80% post-intervention (p<0.01). RI adherence increased notably, while SSTI and IAI adherence did not change significantly. Mortality was also evaluated. At 72 hours, mortality was 1.22% (4/328) in the adherent group and 4.82% (8/166) in the non-adherent group (p<0.05). At 30 days, mortality was 4.57% (15/328) and 12.05% (20/166), respectively (p<0.005). Carbapenem use decreased from 21.12% to 13.08% post-intervention, though this reduction was not significant Conclusions: Low-intensity interventions can improve antibiotic adherence in EDs, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing resistance. Future studies should investigate reasons for non-adherence and examine the effects on patient outcomes and costs.
subject: Originals Works
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creator: Eduardo Esteban Zubero
creator: Rosana Soriano Barrón
creator: Ione Villar García
creator: Pedro Marco Aguilar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03
doi: 10.22546/87/1/1451

New pharmaceuticals for obesity treatment: when regaining control gives reason for hope
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description: Obesity is much more than a number on the scale or a body mass index: it is the result of complex hormonal, genetic, psychological, and social interactions, and unfortunately carries a stigma as heavy as the extra pounds themselves. Until recently, therapeutic options amounted to advice to “eat better” and “move more,” often underpinned by willpower rhetoric that left most patients feeling like they hadn’t done enough. Today, molecules such as semaglutide and tirzepatide have emerged as reliable options, capable of reducing more than 15% of body weight while delivering solid metabolic and cardiovascular benefits.
subject: Editorials
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creator: juan jose gonzalez soler
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 4
ending page: 6
doi: 10.22546/86/1/1447

Antibiotic lock therapy: a therapeutic option worth considering. Bibliographic revision.
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description: Catheter-related infections are a significant complication that increase morbility, mortality and resource consumption. The treatment of choice is catheter removal and administration of systemic antibiotic therapy. For long-term venous catheters, antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) may be considered. In this review, we focus on long-term central venous catheter CVS and peripherally inserted CVS. Combined with systemic antibiotic therapy, it has achieved a high cure rate in the types of infections. With appropriate case selection, the catheter salvage rate is 80%, depending on the type of patogen and the symptoms of the infection.
subject: Reviews
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creator: Montserrat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 22
ending page: 26
doi: 10.22546/86/2/1444

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEp) in HIV infection - A new milestone in a long-distance race
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description: Dentro del manejo clínico de las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y de la prevención de la transmisión del mismo, que aún hoy supone un importante problema de salud pública, la profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP) constituye uno de los últimos hitos. Esta profilaxis, consistente en la administración regular de TAR a grupos de riesgo, ha demostrado con evidencia sólida adecuadas tasas de eficacia y seguridad. Su uso, que debe ser impulsado por los poderes públicos, debe no obstante ser complementado con otras medidas de prevención, máxime en un contexto de aumento de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS)
subject: Editorials
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creator: Emilio Manuel Paez Guillán
creator: Alba García Villafranca
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 2
ending page: 3
doi: 10.22546/86/1/1443

Multidisciplinary consensus on the management of dyslipidemia in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease in Galicia
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description: <a href="https://galiciaclinica.info/gc/Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Galicia. The main component of CVD is Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (AVD), whose main clinical manifestations are ischemic heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease. On the other hand, these diseases are associated with a great economic and social impact. The causal role of LDL-C as an etiologic agent of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease has been demonstrated in multiple studies, as well as the beneficial effect of keeping LDL-C levels low for as long as possible to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the wide range of lipid-lowering therapies, real-life studies have shown that most patients do not achieve the LDL-c goals set by clinical practice guidelines according to their CV risk. Therefore, to improve the lipid control of patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in Galicia, a treatment algorithm agreed upon by the different medical specialties is proposed, including recommendations for the patients’ follow-up to ensure continuity of care.">Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Galicia. The main component of CVD is Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (AVD), whose main clinical manifestations are ischemic heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease. On the other hand, these diseases are associated with a great economic and social impact. The causal role of LDL-C as an etiologic agent of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease has been demonstrated in multiple studies, as well as the beneficial effect of keeping LDL-C levels low for as long as possible to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the wide range of lipid-lowering therapies, real-life studies have shown that most patients do not achieve the LDL-c goals set by clinical practice guidelines according to their CV risk. Therefore, to improve the lipid control of patients with At…
subject: Reviews
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creator: José Luis Díaz Díaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
doi: 10.22546/86/3/1442

Concordance Between Two Stratification Tools for Patients with HIV Infection
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description: Introduction: GeSIDA has developed stratification tools based on profile and complexity to standardize the care offered to HIV patients. The Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) uses an automated system based on the Kaiser pyramid to stratify patients by complexity. The objective is to compare both complexity classification tools in a cohort of HIV patients to assess their concordance. Method: A retrospective study of 411 patients in the EOXI of Lugo-Cervo-Monforte. Clinical, social, and demographic data were collected, applying both scales and evaluating concordance using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: The concordance between the GeSIDA and SERGAS scales was low (κ=0.116). Discussion: The automated tool used by SERGAS classifies patients differently from GeSIDA's tool, making it unsuitable for HIV patients.
subject: Originals Works
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creator: Pedro Peinó Camba
creator: Yelco Chantres Legaspi
creator: Eva María Romay Lema
creator: Blanca Ayuso García
creator: María Vanessa Freijo Lende
creator: María José García Pais
creator: Juan Carlos Corredoira Sánchez
creator: Ramón Rabuñal Rey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03
doi: 10.22546/87/1/1441

Bacteremia in centenarian patients: clinical, microbiological and prognostic profile in a cohort from northwestern Spain (2005–2024).
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description: Objectives: To describe the clinical, microbiological, and prognostic characteristics of bacteremia in centenarian patients. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of all episodes of bacteremia in patients aged 100 years or older at Lucus Augusti University Hospital, 2005-2024. A descriptive analysis of the recorded variables was performed, along with a multivariate logstic regression to identify factors associated with mortality. Results: A total of 29 patients were included, 58.6% were women. The mean age was 101.4 ± 1.7 years, and the median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4 (IQR 3–4). The most common infection source was urinary (48.3%), and E. coli was the predominant microorganism (51.7%). Atypical presentations were predominant. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 27,6% of isolates, and 26.6% of patients received inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. The mean length of stay was 7.2 ± 5.4 days. Delirium was the most frequent complication (44.8%), and in-hospital mortality was 24.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher qSOFA score at admission was independently associated with mortality (OR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.1–19.2; p=0.039). A total of 45.8% of patients were readmitted, and the median survival after the acute episode was 93 days (IQR 47–464.5). Conclusions: Bacteremia in centenarian patients is characterized by atypical presentation, clinical severity, and high morbidity and mortality. The most frequent infection source was urinary, predominantly caused by E. coli. These findings highlight the importance of early identification of severe cases, optimization of empirical antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of complications.
subject: Originals Works
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creator: Adrián Suárez-Piñera
creator: Juan Carlos Piñeiro-Fernández
creator: Jesús Liñares Martínez
creator: Pedro Peinó Camba
creator: Yelco Chantres Legaspi
creator: Eva Romay-Lema
creator: Patricia Capón González
creator: Blanca Ayuso García
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
doi: 10.22546/86/3/1438

Communications Poster
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subject: Sogami Congress Communications
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rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: 42
ending page: 45
doi: 10.22546/85/4/1436

Oral Communications
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subject: Sogami Congress Communications
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rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: 38
ending page: 41
doi: 10.22546/85/4/1435

Insulinoma: An Undervalued Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia in Elderly Patients
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description: Insulinoma is a rare pancreatic endocrine tumor, characterized by the inappropriate secretion of insulin, leading to episodes of hypoglycemia. During these hypoglycemic events, patients may experience autonomic and neuroglycopenic manifestations. However, it is important to note that insulinoma can also have long-term effects on cognitive function, even after hypoglycemia resolution. We present the case of an 89-year-old female with a gradual cognitive decline two years prior and recurrent episodes of stuporous level of consciousness in the preceding months. Insulinoma was confirmed through the measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels. Following the biochemical confirmation, a computed tomography (CT) scan successfully located the tumor. Surgical resection was considered high-risk. Nevertheless, after dietary modifications and the administration of diazoxide, the patient's hypoglycemic episodes were controlled. This case report highlights the importance of considering insulinoma as a potential cause of unexplained episodes of hypoglycemia, particularly in older patients with cognitive impairment.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Pedro Gomes Santos
creator: Ana Isabel Rodrigues
creator: Mihail Mogildea
creator: Cristina Sousa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 29
ending page: 31
doi: 10.22546/75/4187

Hepatocellular carcinoma after Fontan procedure: case report
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description: BACKGROUND: Single ventricle includes various cardiac abnormalities in which either one ventricle is underdeveloped or a ventricular septal wall did not form, leading to the mixing of arterial and venous blood in the heart. The Fontan procedure separates the systemic and pulmonary circulations because a surgical cavopulmonary connection is made. After this procedure, there is an increased systemic venous pressure, leading to low hepatic perfusion pressure and oxygenation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. PATIENT AND METHODS: This case report details a 40-year-old man who received the Fontan procedure, developing symptoms similar to cardiac failure 30 years later. After further evaluation, findings were consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma with lung metastasis, leading to death in less than one month. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fontan patients must be screened for associated liver disease with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma to prevent disease progression and its detection in advanced stages. Despite the regular follow-up in a Cardiology consultation, we point out the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to screening for complications of the Fontan procedure.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Joana Ribeiro
creator: Lara Adelino
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 26
ending page: 28
doi: 10.22546/75/4171

NAVIGATING IPILIMUMAB-INDUCED HYPOPHYSITIS IN ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE
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description: Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has marked a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment. Ipilimumab (IPI), an anti-CTLA-4 agent, stands out in this therapeutic landscape. However, its efficacy is not without challenges, among them, immune-related adverse events, especially hypophysitis. In this article, we present a detailed clinical case of hypophysitis induced by the combined administration of Ipilimumab (IPI) and Nivolumab (NIVO) in a 69-year-old patient diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The complexity of his medical history adds layers of intricacy to the clinical narrative. After four cycles of immunotherapy, a spectrum of symptoms emerged, requiring a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The case highlights the imperative need to understand in nuanced detail ICI-induced hypophysitis. The discussion encompasses the elusive pathophysiology, diverse clinical manifestations, and the delicate balance required for effective clinical management. Significantly, the decision-making regarding treatment continuation is explored, emphasizing the critical need for specialized clinical vigilance. This case serves as a microcosm of the broader challenges entrenched in the dynamic realm of immunotherapy. As ICIs redefine treatment paradigms for HCC, awareness of rare complications such as hypophysitis becomes indispensable. The conclusion advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to navigate these intricacies, ensuring judicious decision-making and optimal patient outcomes.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Luis Carlos Afonso Rocha
creator: Cecília Moreira
creator: Filipe Breda
creator: José Presa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 34
ending page: 36
doi: 10.22546/75/4212

SARCOIDOSIS-LIKE SYNDROME IN A 44-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH ADVANCED STAGE MELANOMA TREATED WITH ADJUVANT BRAF PLUS MEK INHIBITORS. A CASE REPORT.
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subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Juan Gabriel Sánchez Cano
creator: Celia Jiménez Revilla
creator: Helena Martín Álvarez
creator: Manuel Ruiz Muñoz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 32
ending page: 33
doi: 10.22546/75/4195

Pérdida involuntaria de peso: que me vea un internista
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description: No se envía Abstract ya que los editoriales no lo necesitan.
subject: Editorials
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creator: Miguel Franco Álvarez
creator: José Antonio Diaz Peromingo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 2
ending page: 3
doi: 10.22546/86/2/1430

Working together
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description: Working together
subject: Editorials
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creator: Cristina Barbagelata López
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 2
ending page: 3
doi: 10.22546/85/4/1428

Antisynthetase syndrome: when clinical variety challenges diagnosis
type: item
description: Antisynthetase syndrome
subject: Editorials
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subject: Array
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creator: Gemma Ortiz Llauradó
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-09
publication date: 2025-04-09
starting page: 4
ending page: 6
doi: 10.22546/85/4/1427

Prescription of physical exercise for internists
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description: The health benefits of physical exercise are widely known. Regular physical exercise reduces mortality from all causes, the incidence of cancer, improves cognitive reserve and reduces dependency. The World Health Organization recommends for all adults at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate physical activity per week or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous physical activity and resistance exercise of high or moderate intensity that includes all major muscle groups 2 or more days a week. To help our patients reach this recommendation, an important tool is the prescription of physical exercise. This should include type, frequency, intensity and duration of the activity. As internists we must know the importance of physical activity and exercise in our patients, and its impact on health. Particularly important is in those sedentary patients, in whom a small increase in their physical activity has a maximum impact on their health.
subject: Reviews
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creator: Álvaro Alejandre de Oña
creator: Belén Roig Espert
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 18
ending page: 22
doi: 10.22546/86/1/1422

CORRELATION OF MEASUREMENTS OF PREPERITONEAL TISSUE AND VISCERAL TISSUE WITH GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN AND CHOLESTEROL VALUES
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description: Background and Objectives: Obesity is a prevalent and increasingly common issue, strongly linked to conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia (DL). The role of fat, specifically visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and its subtype, preperitoneal adipose tissue (PAT), appears to be pivotal in visceral obesity and the development of related complications. The main objectives were to correlate the proportion of VAT measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the thickness of PAT measured by ultrasound with analytical levels of HbA1c and total cholesterol (TC), as well as to assess their application in the diagnosis of T2DM and DL. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted with 72 patients attending the preoperative rehabilitation consultation at the Infanta Cristina University Hospital. These patients were assessed for VAT and PAT, and the results were correlated with their analytical levels of HbA1c and TC. Results: The accumulation of both VAT and PAT showed a significant correlation with elevated HbA1c levels (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively), indicating the presence of T2DM. Additionally, isolated excess VAT was found to be associated with DL (p=0.041), likely due to its correlation with elevated TC levels. Conclusions: The presence of a pathogenic link between visceral obesity, defined by the accumulation of VAT and PAT, with T2DM and DL, and its determination via BIA and ultrasound for body composition, may suggest a precise diagnosis of both conditions.
subject: Originals Works
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creator: Francisco Javier Garcia Sánchez
creator: Christian Medina García
creator: Natalia Mudarra Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
doi: 10.22546/86/3/1417

Rotura de pseudoaneurisma de arteria esplénica como complicación de una pancreatitis crónica
type: item
description: La hemorragia digestiva secundaria a la rotura de un pseudoaneurisma de la arteria gastroduodenal y de sus ramas o de la arteria esplénica es una de las complicaciones más temidas y graves que ocurren en la pancreatitis crónica. Por ello, hemos creído de interés comunicar un nuevo caso en una mujer de 61 años ingresada por dolor abdominal debido a una pancreatitis crónica con un pseudoquiste, que desarrolló un shock hipovolémico debido a la rotura de un pseudoaneurisma de la arteria esplénica.
subject: Medical Images
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creator: Javier de la Fuente Aguado
creator: Marc Ferré Albanell
creator: Jose Manuel Paz Ferrín
creator: Gonzalo Tardáguila De la Fuente
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galicia Clínica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-08-03
publication date: 2026-08-03
doi: 10.22546/87/1/1416

Unusual presentation of Pott’s disease: a case report
type: item
subject: Medical Images
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creator: Ana Silva Rocha
creator: Marina Henriques Mendes
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 35
ending page: 35
doi: 10.22546/74/4207

Hypophosphatemia after intravenous iron administration
type: item
subject: Originals Works
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creator: Nicolás Alcalá-Rivera
creator: Santiago Rubio Félix
creator: Isabel Fiteni Mera
creator: Paula Aragonés Pequerul
creator: Raúl Martínez Murgui
creator: Martín Gericó Aseguinolaza
creator: Fabiola Diez Massó
creator: María del Mar García Andreu
creator: Anxela Crestelo Vieitez
creator: Jesús Díez-Manglano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 7
ending page: 11
doi: 10.22546/74/4205

Brain Abscess Due to Systemic Embolization
type: item
description: A brain abscess is a focal infection of the brain. It can be caused by hematogenous or direct spread, presenting with non-specific symptoms that can delay diagnosis. They are most often bacterial, but they can also be fungal, parasitic or granulomatous. Neurological manifestations such as stroke, meningitis, or brain abscess can develop from endocarditis, so this entity should always be considered and investigated. The authors present a case of a patient with a heart valve prosthesis for aortic stenosis and a brain abscess due to systemic embolization from subacute endocarditis.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Catarina Cabral
creator: Inês Santos
creator: Joana Tavares
creator: Joana Vaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 26
ending page: 27
doi: 10.22546/74/4156

Lemièrre Syndrome and Leptospirosis – Two Simultaneous Entities
type: item
subject: Clinical cases
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Catarina Cabral
creator: Inês Santos
creator: Joana Vaz
creator: Sara Rocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 28
ending page: 30
doi: 10.22546/74/4158

Bacteraemia and Hepatic Abscess Caused by Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans
type: item
description: This case report presents a rare liver abscess caused by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans bacteremia in an elderly Indian patient. Desulfovibrio spp. are gram-negative, sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria that are typically found in the environment and can also be normal inhabitants of the oral cavity and intestinal tract. While liver abscesses are commonly caused by gram-negative bacilli, Desulfovibrio spp. are rarely reported as causative agents. The patient, an 83-year-old Indian female, was living in Portugal for a long time. She had multiple comorbidities and presented with general malaise, asthenia associated with decreased appetite, and diarrhea. CT scan confirmed the presence of liver abscesses and blood cultures identified Desulfovibrio desulfuricans as the causative agent. Treatment involved percutaneous drainage of the abscesses and a 6-week course of antibiotics with metronidazole initially and then with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The patient showed clinical improvement, and subsequent negative haemocultures and imaging control indicated the effectiveness of the treatment. However, the patient's condition deteriorated due to respiratory failure caused by COVID-19, highlighting the impact of underlying comorbidities. The rarity of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans infections in Portugal further emphasizes the significance of this case. It raises questions about the potential influence of ethnicity and geography on susceptibility to such infections, warranting further research.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Tiago Guimarães Costa
creator: Raquel Moura
creator: Luís Rocha
creator: Sara Pinto
creator: Paula Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 23
ending page: 25
doi: 10.22546/74/4149

Bullous Leukemia cutis: a rare form of skin infiltration by leukemic cells.
type: item
description: No
subject: Medical Images
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creator: Bárbara Fontes Oliveira
creator: Guilherme Castro Gomes
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 34
ending page: 34
doi: 10.22546/74/4197

Disseminated nocardiosis - A case report
type: item
description: Nocardiosis, caused by various species of Nocardia, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its diverse clinical presentations that often mimic other infections and malignancies. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman with a history of autoimmune hepatitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) who initially presented with fever, headaches, and confusion. Extensive investigations revealed an ischemic lesion in the central nervous system (CNS) attributed to vasculitis. Two months later, she returned with literal paraphasia, ocular symptoms (red eye and retro-orbital pain), and fever. Despite negative blood cultures, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was isolated from vitreous humor and lung tissue, confirming the diagnosis of disseminated nocardiosis. A rigorous treatment regimen, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), Meropenem, and Linezolid, led to significant improvement. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of Nocardiosis, emphasizing the need for early and precise diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and prolonged treatment in severe cases. Further research is required to optimize therapeutic protocols, particularly in CNS-involved Nocardiosis.
subject: Clinical cases
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creator: Tiago Costa
creator: Luís Rocha
creator: Luciana Silva
creator: Inês Rato
creator: Sara Pinto
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 GaliciaClinica - Official Journal of the Galician Society of Internal Medicine (SOGAMI) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 31
ending page: 33
doi: 10.22546/74/4162